Fajar Indah's Blog
Senin, 04 Februari 2019
Greeting and Leave Taking
Greeting (Ungkapan Salam)
Ungkapan sapaan/salam dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu Formal dan Informal Greeting. Formal greeting biasanya digunakan pada situasi resmi formal atau belum familiar sedangkan Informal Greeting digunakan pada situasi santai, biasanya sudah familiar atau kenal dengan lawan bicara dan tidak resmi.
Formal Greetings
Good morning
Good day/noon
Good afternoon
Good evening Responses
Good morning
Good day/noon
Good afternoon
Good evening Meaning
- Selamat pagi
- Selamat Siang(jam12)
-Selamat Siang
-Selamat petang/sore/malam
Informal Greetings
Hi
Hello
How are you?
How is life?
How do you do?
How is everything with you?
How are you doing
Nice to meet you
Responses
Hi
Hello
I’m fine
Not bad, thanks
How do you do?
Pretty well. Thanks
I am very well thanks
Nice to meet you, too Meaning
- Hai
- Halo
- Bagaimana kabarnya?Baik-baik saja
- Bagaimana kabarnya?baik saja, terima kasih
Apa Kabar
- Bagaimana kabarnya denganmu?baik-baik ja terima kasih
- Bagaimana kabarmu? Saya baik-baik saja terima kasih
- Senang berjumpa denganmu/senang berjumpa denganmu juga
2. Leave taking/partings
Sama halnya dengan Greeting di atas, Ungkapan Pamitan/perpisahan juga terdiri dari Formal dan informal.
Formal Partings
Good night
Nice to see you
It’s nice to meet you
Good bye
Responses
Good night
Nice to see you, too
Nice to meet you, too
Good bye Meaning
Selamat malam/tidur
Senang berjumpa denganmu
==
Selamat tinggal
Informal Partings
Bye
Bye-bye
See you later
See you tomorrow
Good luck
Take care
Responses
Bye
Bye-bye
See you
See you
Thank you
You too Meaning
Selamat tinggal
==
Sampai jumpa lagi
Sampai ketemu lagi besok
Semoga berhasil
Terima kasih
Hati-hati di jalan
Kamu juga
Catatan :
1. Good morning digunakan dari jam 00.00 s/d 12.00 (Jam 00 dini hari sampai dengan 12 siang)
2. Good day/noon diucapkan jam 12.00
3. Good afternoon digunakan dari setelah jam 12.00 s/d 18.00
4. Good Evening dipakai dari jam 18.00 s/d 24.00(00.00)
See the video below
Lat soal
klik d bawah ini
Minggu, 27 Januari 2019
Descriptive Text
Descriptive Text
The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.
The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text has structure as below:
Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.
Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.
The Language Feature of Descriptive Text
Using attributive and identifying process.
Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.
Using simple present tense Examples and structures of the text
MacQuarie University
Identification Macquarie University is one of the largest universities in Australia. This year, in 2004, it celebrates its 40thanniversary.
Description The university is located at the North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney, where the New South Wales government sets aside 135 hectares for the institution. In 1964, Macquarie area was a rural retreat on the city fringe, but today the campus and its surroundings have evolved beyond recognition. The North Ryde District has grown into a district of intensive occupation anchored by a vibrant and growing university.Blessed with a fortunate location and room to breathe, Macquarie can be proud of that careful planning that retains and enrich the university’s most attractive natural features. A pleasing balance between buildings and plating is evident across the campus. This emphasis on the importance of landscape has created images of Macquarie as a place that members of the university are most likely to pleasurably recollect.
One of the highlights of the landscape is the Mars Creek zone. It comprises landscaped creek sides and valley floor, a grass amphitheatre, and artificial lake… surrounded by rocks and pebbles, native plants and eucalypts.
Today, a railway station is under construction. In three years1 time, Macquarie will be the only university in Australia with a railway station on site. Macquarie is poised to be the most readily accessible in Sydney region by rail and motorway, yet retaining its beautiful site.
Example of Description
A. My Friend’s New Shoes
I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and trendy. She always want to be a trend setter of the day. She always pays much attention on her appearance. Recently, she bought a new stylist foot legs from blowfish shoes products. This shoes really matches on her.
Her new blowfish women’s shoes are wonderful. When she are walking on that shoes, all her friends, including me watch and admire that she has the most suitable shoes on her physical appearance. The style, bright color, and brand represent her as a smart woman of the day. She really have perfect appearance.
She is really mad on that shoes. She said that the products covered all genders. The blowfish men’s shoes are as elegant as she has. The products provide varieties of choice. Ballet, casual, boot athletic shoes are designed in attractive way. The products are international trader mark and become the hottest trend.
1. B. Borobudur Temple
Borobudur is Hindu – Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia.
Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.
Generic Structure Analysis
Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described in general; Borobudur temple
Description; describing the Borobudur temple in parts; eight terraces of Borobudur temple and its characteristics
Language Feature Analysis
Using adjective and classifiers; valuable
Using simple present tense; Borobudur is well-known,The temple is constructed, etc
Rabu, 26 Desember 2018
NRT vs CRT
In
education, learning is a very important process. This process is having some
objectives or goals to achieve. The teacher and the studenr are important factors of the teaching learning
process. At the end of teaching learning process, it is necessary to evaluate
the knowledge, skill, aptitude and educational objectives whether they are
fulfilled or not. For this purpose different kinds of tests have been adopted
by researchers and teachers. Various experiments are being tried for the
improvement of education. There are two tests or assesment that can be used for
the students. The tests are called as Criterion Referenced Test and Norm
Referenced Test. In this essay the writer will tell about the definition of
CRT, the definition of NRT, the history of NRT and CRT, some critics in CRT and
NRT, the advantages of CRT and NRT, and its implementation in Indonesia and
America. The first thing is about the
defintion of CRT. The word "criterion" in CRT has been referred in
two ways . First, criterion refers to the material being taught in the course.
CRT would assess the particular learning points of a particular course or
program. Second, criterion is the standard of performance that is used to
decide what is being expected for passing the test or course. Here, CRT would
be used to assess whether students pass or fail at a certain criterion level .
CRT is a test that measures a test taker‘s performance according to a
particular standard or criterion that has been agreed. The test taker must
reach this level of performance to pass the test, and a test taker‘s score is
interpreted with reference to the criterion score, rather than to the scores of
other test takers (Richard & Schmidt 2002). After, the writer tells about the definition of CRT,the
writer will explain the definition of NRT. NRT is a test that measures how the
performance of a certain test taker or group of test takers compares with the
performance of another test taker or group of test takers whose scores are given
as the norm. A test taker‘s score will be interpreted with the scores of other
test takers or groups of test takers (Richard & Schmidt 2002). Hence, NRT
is an approach of evaluation through which a learner‘s score is compared to
other students in the classroom After the writer has aready given
the brief definition of CRT and NRT, the writer intends to give the explanation
about the history of NRT and CRT. Actually the NRT test comes before the CRT.
At that time norm-referenced tests were seen as limited source that provides a
sequence of information needed by the teachers. The NRT is considered unfair as
well. Until one day,the term criterion-referenced was first introduced in 1962
by Glaser and Klaus (1962). Glaser and Klaus published an article entitled ‘American Psychologist’ (Glaser 1963). He
wrote the first paper about CRT since
the scope and direction of educational testing has been changed dramatically. In
1970, Hambleton, Swan’rathan, Algina and Coulson (1978) calculated that more
than 600 papers about CRT have been written. The papers had been written in the form of, journals,
monographs, and books. During 1974 a monograph was also published. The
monograph talked about the technical problems in criterion-referenced
measurement which was edited by Chester W. Harris, Marvin C. Alkin, and W.
James Popham. By
the 1970’s , some experts edited monograph
on criterion-based measurement.
For example a monograph edited by Bunda
and Sanders (1979),
a monograph on criterion-referenced testing
by Brown(1980) edited volumes
by Jaeger and
Tittle (1980) ,
and a monograph which was written im 1980
entitled ‘Applied Psychological Measurement’
examining the criterion-referenced testing
technology which was edited by
Ronand K.Hambleton. After the
writer tells about the history of NRT and CRT, the writer will show several
arguments which reflects a criticism made by some experts.The kinds of
arguments typically made by the critics. The criticisms are about some problems
that caused by the existence of NRT and CRT. The first criticisim was deliverd
by Huitt in 1996. He said NRT scores are often misused in schools when making
critical educational decisions, such as grade promotion, which can have a
harmful consequences for some students. Since NRT form is presented in
Multiple-choice test, the students do not get used to present their critical
thinking and analysis (Corbet & Wilson, 1991). If the teaher overused the
NRT asessment, it can result to
inadvertent discrimination against minority groups and low-income student
populations, both of which tend to face more educational obstacles than
non-minority students and higher-income households (Bond 1996). The test in NRT
is also considered biased by the experts because those questions are eliminated
which low scorers might get right (Huitt ,1996). NRT has to be finished in a
time limit which may favor or disfavor an individual student. After
the writer shows some criticism in NRT, the writer will show the criticisim in
CRT as well. Although most of the experts views that CRT has many advantages, it does have some
lacks. The kinds of arguments typically made by the critics of NRT, Huitt . He
views that CRT does not allow for comparing the performance of students in a
particular location with national norms. For example, a school would be unable
to compare 5th grade achievement levels in a district In the next paragraph, the writer will show some
advantages and disadvantages of CRT and NRT. As we have known the experts
claims that CRT brings numerous
advantages. CRT is a good tool to
measure specific skills, objectives or domain (Bond, 1996). It gives direction
of how well students are learning. It is good to determine learning progress if
students have learning gaps or academic difficulity that need to be solved
(Bond 1996). The teachers can use the test results to determine how well they
are teaching the curriculum (Bond, 1996). CRT helps measure the academic
achievement of students usually for the purposes of comparing academic
performance among schools, districts and states. The results provide a basis for
determining how well the material which is learned by students and how well the
educational system is producing results (Cohen, Manion & Morrison 2004). Beside
its advantages, CRT also has a disadvantages. CRT does not allow for comparing
the performance of students in a particular location with national norms. For
example, a school would be unable to compare 5th grade achievement levels in a
district. After
the writer tells about the advantages and disadvantages of CRT. The writer will
show, some advantages and disadvantages of NRT. NRT is a good tool to measures variety of skills
and ability of a students. It helps to identify the students who may need
special assistance for example mental disorder, learning disabilities (autism,
dyslexia), attention disorder. NRT is also good for ranking and sorting
students for administrative purposes since NRT is usually be used in academic
aptitude test. Beside its advantages, NRT also bring some disadvantages. NRT is
considered unfair by some experts. It is because the student who actually gets
a low score, will get a high score because of the group average score. The test
in NRT is also considered unclear since the questions in NRT test are
eliminated and it will make the low scorers might get right.
The last thing that will be discussed by the writer is the implementation of
NRT and CRT in Indonesia and America. In Indonesia, most of the teachers still
mix the NRT and CRT system since the students cognitive level is not well
compared to the other nations. When the teacher gives a score in daily
examination, she will use the CRT assesment. But when the teacher wants to
process the score in the form of raport, the teachers will use NRT. The teacher
will calculate the average, after she finds the group average, the teacher will
find the deviation standar (SD).
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Greeting and Leave Taking
Greeting (Ungkapan Salam) Ungkapan sapaan/salam dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu Formal dan Informal Greeting. Formal greeting biasanya digunakan pad...
